Hi, readers. This post is also part of the series that I mentioned earlier in relation to Military Rule. So I'll be dealing with Military Disengagement and it's four basic models giving specific attention to a pratical example of Nigeria's second republic.
So I be following this format:
2. Using the Interregnum model, explain the transition program organized by the military in Nigeria's second republic.
3. Short notes on the four models of Military Disengagement with relevant practical examples from the discussed selected countries.
Military Disengagement as a concept and it's relation with Government.
Disengagement as an English word has to do with the release or detachment from a physical situation or other involvement. Bringing this word to the military register will be to suggest that it has to do with the withdrawal of the armed forces from partisan politics or the simple relinquishing of power by the military and the subsequent handing over of power to the civilians.
Using the Interregnum model, explain the transition program organized by the military in Nigeria's second republic.
The respective models of Military Disengagement are all trying to give different views to the basis of the reasons why the armed forces withdraw from power I.e. they all were trying to explain different basis of the 'why' of Military Disengagement. One of these models was known as the Interregnum Model whose basis is divided onto two :
• The basic reason why the Military interferes in politics is to solve the numerous social, economic and political problems that are present at it’s time of interference, and
• That after they had addressed all the problems and abnormalities they withdraw from power and hand it over to the civilians.
So according to this model I am expected to evaluate the transition program organized by the military in Nigeria’s second republic. To do this I am going to have to list the problems that was in Nigeria as at the time of the second republic and then I am going to say how the military addressed these problems.
PROBLEMS PRESENT IN NIGERIA AS AT THE TIME OF THE SECOND REPUBLIC AND HOW THE MILITARY ADDRESSED THESE PROBLEMS
Note: The Military regime present at the second republic was the Muhammed-Obasanjo administration that ousted the Gowon administration.
• There was corruption in the public service and this was a menace in the republic. In order to curb this the administration embarked on a wide scale purge of public servants whom they discovered to be corrupt. To discover the erring civil servants they probed all the civil servants searching for the erring ones and in the process discovering and recovering illegal properties.
• Due to the shortage of food in Nigeria as at the second republic the military government at that time under General Olusegun Obasanjo created the OFN movement (Operation Feed the Nation).
• Then because of the low quality of health care and inadequate housing the regime succeeded in the provision of housing and the improvement of health care.
Short notes on the four models of Military Disengagement with relevant practical examples from the discussed selected countries.
As I have explained earlier the respective models of Military Disengagement are all trying to give different views to the basis of the reasons why the armed forces withdrew from power. There are four basic models of Military Disengagement and these are the Crisis of Legitimacy, the Interregnum model, the development constraints model and the Internal constraints model. To do this I would briefly state the basis or the reason why the military withdraws from politics and then I’d give examples from military regimes in treated states
• the Crisis of Legitimacy model: It says that the reason for the withdrawal of the military from power is based in two issues or reasons. and these are the loss of popular support from the masses and deficient economic and political performance. An example is the Amin administration of Uganda who lost most of his supporters after he had removed the Indians from Uganda making inflation this in the country. Your exact words Sir:
“After receiving aid from Libya in 1972, Amin expelled all Israelis from Uganda. Later that year, he also expelled almost all Indians, who had controlled almost the entire commercial sector of the country. This made popular among Ugandans at the initial stage, especially among those who were given control of the Indian businesses. As the country’s economy shrinks, shortages occurred, foreign exchange disappeared, while inflation also increased. This made Amin to lose most of his supporters and admirers. However, the military aid, business opportunities from the departed Indian communities, and money siphoned from state funds helped Amin to buy the loyalty of his military. Nevertheless, he faced several attempted coups.”
• the Interregnum model: It says the reason for the withdrawal of the military from power is based on two arguments as explained above… The basic reason why the Military interferes in politics is to solve the numerous social, economic and political problems that are present at it’s time of interference, and
that after they had addressed all the problems and abnormalities they withdraw from power and hand it over to the civilians. An example of this is the J.J Rawlings administration in Ghana whose purpose for coming to power was to eliminate all the power-drunk and hungry civilian leaders who had almost destroyed Ghana’s economy and then after accomplishing his aim he left power returning it to the cilivians.
• The Development constraint model: It says that the reason for this is the inability of the military administration to rectify the economic and political development pro6blems.
•The Internal Constraints Model: This gives its own reasons for military disengagement as the conflict of ideologies within the military this normally leads to rival factions. An example of this is the Samuel Doe administration of Liberia which suffered a friction between two Generals: General Samuel Doe and General Quikwonpa. According to the note…
“Consequently, on the 12th of November 1985, the exiled former deputy of Samuel Doe (Sergeant Quikwonpa) invaded Liberia through Sierra Leone in an attempted coup that intends to oust Samuel Doe from power
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